基于PV/T优化耦合结构的杆塔侧融合取能装置研究

Research on Tower-Side Integrated Energy Harvesting Devices Based on Optimized Coupling PV/T Structures

中文关键词:环境能量采集  融合取能  光热耦合  杆塔侧  高能量利用率

keywords:environment energy harvesting  integrated energy harvesting  photovoltaic/thermal coupling  tower-side  high energy utilization rate

中文摘要:为向杆塔侧监测装置持续供能，考虑杆塔侧空间、场源特性研究高能量利用率的光热融合（photovoltaic/thermoelectric，PV/T）耦合理论，随后设计了一种PV/T全光谱应用的优化耦合结构。通过搭建有限元仿真光热耦合传导模型验证耦合理论，以及热量转移与增效回收、辐照集中化等有限条件下的优化方法。结合融合能量管理电路进行实验，所设计结构相比常规光伏阵列对辐照能量的转化率平均提升3.39%，最高达25.33%。光伏、热电组件紧密且对称耦合于有限空间内，最大功率可达2.09 W。此外，光伏组件温升幅度平均降低7.17 ℃，从而使其使用寿命、工作效率提升，热电组件功率符合理论预期，并满足融合设计要求。最终，经动态匹配储放能控制后，装置能够合理利用量级差距较大的光、热能量，并满足供电对象更高功率及动态响应能力的需求。

Abstract:To continuously power the monitoring equipment on the transmission tower side， this paper studies the photovoltaic/thermoelectric（PV/T）coupling energy harvesting theory of high energy utilization efficiency that accounts for Tower-side spatial characteristics and field-source properties， and designs an optimized PV/T full-spectrum coupling architecture. Using a finite element simulation model， the paper validates the photothermal coupling theory and the optimization method under constraints such as heat transfer and efficient recovery and irradiance concentration. Experiments incorporating the hybrid energy-management circuit show that， compared with the conventional PV array， the proposed structure raises the average irradiance-to-electricity conversion efficiency by 3.39% （up to 25.33%）. The PV and thermo-electric modules are tightly and symmetrically coupled within the confined volume， delivering a peak output of 2.09 W. Additionally， the PV module’s temperature rise is reduced by 7.17 ℃ on average， extending its lifetime and improving its efficiency， while the thermoelectric module’s output matches theoretical expectations and satisfies the design requirements for hybrid operation. Finally， after dynamic matching with charge/discharge control， the solar and thermal energy of markedly different levels can be exploited rationally to meet the higher power and dynamic-response demands of the powered equipment.