光伏组件异常温度热斑的红外检测方法

An Infrared Detection Method for Abnormal Temperature Hot Spots of Photovoltaic Modules

中文关键词:光伏组件  温度异常  热斑检测  无人机红外检测  灰度直方图

keywords:PV module  abnormal temperature  hot spot detection  UAV infrared detection  gray scale histogram

中文摘要:由于热斑效应会损坏光伏电池组件，而通过检测和测量异常温度所形成的热斑，可及早发现、解决热斑问题，保证光伏组件的正常工作和发挥最大的发电效益。针对光伏组件异常温度引起的热红外输出特性，提出一种红外热斑检测方法。首先，通过等效电路图，分析热斑作用下的光伏组件输出红外图像特性；其次，利用无人机红外检测设备采集光伏组件红外热成像，并通过Canny边缘检测算法提取图像中的异常特征；最后，构建灰度直方图以突出光伏组件处的热斑，并利用随机森林算法实现光伏组件热斑检测。实验结果表明：所提方法热斑检测误差均值低于0.2 mm；F1-Score值保持在0.92以上，准确率高于95%，召回率提高至99%。所提方法能够较好地对光伏组件热斑展开检测，具有较高的准确率、召回率，优化了光伏组件异常温度热斑效果。

Abstract:Since the hot spot effect can damage photovoltaic （PV） modules， early detection and resolution of hot spot issues through the detection and measurement of hot spots formed by abnormal temperatures are crucial to ensure the normal operation of PV modules and maximize their power generation efficiency. Aiming at the thermal infrared output characteristics of PV modules caused by abnormal temperatures， this paper proposes an infrared hot spot detection method. Firstly， the output infrared image characteristics of PV modules under the influence of hot spots are analyzed using an equivalent circuit diagram. Secondly， an unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） - mounted infrared detection device is employed to collect infrared thermal images of PV modules， and the Canny edge detection algorithm is used to extract abnormal features from the images. Finally， a grayscale histogram is constructed to highlight the hot spots on PV modules， and the random forest algorithm is applied to realize hot spot detection for PV modules. Experimental results show that the average hot spot detection error of the proposed method is less than 0.2 mm； the F1 - Score remains above 0.92， the accuracy rate is higher than 95%， and the recall rate is increased to 99%. The proposed method can effectively detect hot spots on PV modules， featuring high accuracy and recall rates， and optimizes the detection performance for hot spots caused by abnormal temperatures on PV modules.