大规模光伏发电并网下虚拟同步机虚拟转动惯量主动控制研究

Research on Active Control of Rotational Inertia for Virtual Synchronous Generators Under Large-Scale Photovoltaic Grid Integration

中文关键词:光伏发电并网  虚拟同步机  虚拟转动惯量控制  模糊控制器

keywords:photovoltaic power generation grid integration  VSG  rational inertia control  fuzzy controller

中文摘要:在大规模光伏发电并网场景中，电力系统的输出功率具备随机性与波动性，而仅依赖于单一或少数参数，难以全面捕捉并适应电力系统的功率波动，导致虚拟转动惯量的识别不够准确，控制质量变差。为此，提出了大规模光伏发电并网下虚拟同步机（virtual synchronous generator，VSG）虚拟转动惯量主动控制方法，构建了VSG转子运动学模型。该模型集成了角速度、新能源发电单元输出功率等多个关键参数，能够实现对电力系统动态特性的多维度、高精度模拟。结合所构建的模型，引入多层感知机对虚拟转动惯量的多维度、高精度识别，解决了因输出功率随机性与波动性带来的虚拟转动惯量计算难题。根据虚拟转动惯量的识别结果，设计一种高效的模糊控制器。该控制器能够智能地根据角速度偏差及其变化率，动态调整控制策略，实现虚拟同步机虚拟转动惯量的主动、精确控制。实验结果表明，该方法的VSG虚拟转动惯量计算结果较为精准，在扰动下能够将VSG虚拟转动惯量的尖峰振幅限制在系统稳定允许的范围内，并保持稳定，展现了卓越的动态调整能力和稳定性。

Abstract:Under the scenario of large-scale photovoltaic grid integration，the output power of the power system presents randomness and volatility. Relying only on a single or a few parameters makes it hard to fully capture and adapt to the power fluctuations of the system，leading to inaccurate identification of rotational inertia and poor control performance. To address this issue，an active control method for the rotational inertia of virtual synchronous generators under large-scale photovoltaic grid integration is proposed，and a rotor kinematics model of the virtual synchronous generator （VSG） is established in this paper. This model integrates several key parameters including angular velocity and output power of renewable energy generation units，which enables multi-dimensional and high-precision simulation of the dynamic characteristics of the power system. Combined with the established model，a multi-layer perceptron （MLP） is introduced to realize multi-dimensional and high-precision identification of rotational inertia，thus solving the problem of rotational inertia calculation caused by the randomness and volatility of system output power. Based on the identification results of rotational inertia，an efficient fuzzy controller is designed，which can intelligently and dynamically adjust the control strategy according to the angular velocity deviation and its change rate，thus realizing active and precise control of the VSG rotational inertia. Experimental results show that the proposed method can calculate the VSG rotational inertia accurately，limit the peak amplitude of the VSG rotational inertia within the stability allowable range of the system under disturbances，and maintain stable operation of the system，which demonstrates excellent dynamic regulation capability and stability.