碳排放流导向的综合能源系统电碳协同优化研究

Carbon-Emission-Flow-Oriented Coordinated Optimization of Power-Carbon Nexus in Integrated Energy Systems

中文关键词:碳排放流  电-碳协同优化  需求响应  电价补偿机制  综合能源系统

keywords:carbon emission flow  electricity-carbon coordinated optimization  demand-side response  electricity price compensation mechanism  integrated energy system

中文摘要:针对综合能源系统低碳经济调度中碳排放动态追踪困难、电价信号无法有效反映碳排放强度变化、储能减碳贡献难以量化等问题，提出一种基于碳排放流理论的电-气-热-储多能耦合双层优化调度模型。首先，构建基于节点碳势变化率的电-气价格动态补偿机制，建立含储能参与的碳排放流动态迁移模型，实现碳排放时空维度的精准追踪与迁移调控；其次，搭建电-碳协同双层优化框架：上层以电网与气网经济调度为目标，下层以园区运行成本最小化为目标，协同实现系统低碳经济运行；最后，基于IEEE 5 节点电网、6 节点气网耦合测试系统开展仿真验证，采用改进交替方向乘子法高效求解模型。仿真结果表明，与传统调度模型相比，所提方法可使系统碳排放量降低6.2%，运行成本降低5.8%，在实现降碳、降本的同时，有效平抑节点碳势波动，为综合能源系统低碳经济优化运行提供理论支撑与技术路径。

Abstract:Aiming at the problems in low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy systems， i.e.， the difficulty in dynamically tracking carbon emissions， the failure of electricity price signals to effectively reflect carbon intensity changes， and the challenge in quantifying the carbon reduction contribution of energy storage devices， this paper proposes a bi-level optimal dispatch model for electricity-gas-heat-storage multi-energy coupled integrated energy systems based on carbon emission flow theory. Firstly， a dynamic electricity-gas price compensation mechanism is constructed based on the change rate of nodal carbon potential， and a dynamic migration model of carbon emission flow involving energy storage equipment is established to realize accurate spatiotemporal tracking and targeted regulation of carbon emissions. Secondly， an electricity-carbon collaborative bi-level optimization framework is developed： the upper layer aims at economic dispatch of power and gas networks， while the lower layer takes the minimum comprehensive operation cost of the park as the objective， so as to collaboratively realize low-carbon and economic operation of the whole system. Finally， simulation verification is carried out based on a coupled test system composed of a IEEE 5-bus power grid and a 6-bus gas network， and the improved alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve the model efficiently. The results show that compared with the traditional dispatch model， the proposed method can reduce system carbon emissions by 6.2% and operation costs by 5.8%. While achieving carbon and cost reduction， it can effectively smooth the fluctuation of nodal carbon potential， providing theoretical support and a technical path for low-carbon and economic optimal operation of integrated energy systems.